5/17/2023 0 Comments Ethos pathos and logos definition![]() Persuading people to change their opinions is a common practice in online discussion forums on topics ranging from political campaigns to relationship consultation. Our results indicate that the design of nudging-based learning applications for self-regulated learning combined with computational methods for argumentation self-evaluation has a beneficial use to foster better writing skills of students. The measured self-efficacy and the technology acceptance provide promising results for embedding adaptive argumentation writing support tools in combination with digital nudging in traditional learning settings to foster self-regulated learning. We found that students who received a self-evaluation nudge wrote more convincing texts with a better quality of formal and perceived argumentation compared to the control group. To investigate how individual argumentation self evaluation will help students write more convincing texts, we designed an intelligent argumentation writing support system called ArgumentFeedback based on nudging theory and evaluated it in a series of three qualitative and quaxntitative studies with a total of 83 students. Recent advantages from computational linguists can be leveraged to nudge students with adaptive self evaluation based on their argumentation skill level. The study indicated that seasoned political leaders have a stable rhetorical style with flexibility to suit situations and audiences. The passive voice and circumstantial referents were strategically used in disparaging remarks without identifying the doer. However, in the context of a distressing situation, he resorted to the pathos appeal and the frequent use of “I” to show personal interpretations. Mahathir Mohamad came across as a political leader who relied on argumentation and the positioning of himself as a spokesperson for the ruling coalition and the government, reflected in “kita” (we-inclusive) accounting for 50.26% of personal pronouns used. ![]() The results show that Mahathir Mohamad relied on logos (56.17%) and pathos (39.63%) but not ethos (4.20%). Six of Mahathir Mohamad’s political speeches in Malay language delivered in 2018-2020 with a word-count of 13,000 words were analysed using Aristotle’s rhetorical proofs. ![]() The specific aspects investigated were: (1) the extent to which the logos, pathos and ethos appeals were used (2) the use of the active and passive voice in attribution of responsibility and (3) the use of personal pronouns in the appeals. The study examined rhetorical appeals in Mahathir Mohamad’s speeches delivered during his come back as the seventh prime minister of Malaysia. © 2018, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Press. The results suggests that the students can benefit from the teaching of persuasive discourse so that they are able to use the rhetorical appeals more effectively. When the students made emotional appeals, the content of their persuasion revolved around their lecturer and they made frequent use of the second person pronoun. When students made an appeal to logos in their requests, they used the singular first person pronoun (I, my) more than the second person pronoun because they justified their request for an early class dismissal by using their heavy workload and uncomfortable physical classroom conditions. Further analysis of the use of personal pronouns showed a clear difference in that self-focus is frequent in appeals to logos whereas other-focus is frequent in appeals to pathos. Appeal to ethos (credibility) was seldom used. Emotional appeal (pathos) was the most popular persuasion strategy accounting for over half of the persuasion strategies identified, followed closely by the rational appeal (logos). ![]() Analysis of their requests showed that majority of the students used one type of rhetorical appeal to persuade. Some students used more than one strategy, giving rise to 180 persuasion strategies in total. They were asked to write down what they would say to persuade their lecturer to end the class early. The data were from 165 students enrolled in an English language course in a Malaysian university. The present study examined university students’ strategies of persuading their lecturer to grant their request using Aristotle’s rhetorical proofs of ethos, logos and pathos as the framework. The speaker or writer may use statistics and logical arguments, emotions and their character, authority and credibility to convince the audience. Persuasion is used in spoken and written communication to convince the audience to take appropriate actions or to support specific viewpoints. ![]()
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